Spurious mode rejection in Modal Analysis

Together with industrial partners LMS (Belgium), Dassault and EADS-Airbus and Flemish and French universities, a EUREKA project was started in 2001 to tackle the problem of flutter detection in in-flight analysis and the appearance of spurious modes in vibration data. Due to changes in speed and air pressure, the modal characteristics of an airplane change continuously during in-flight measurements. If the damping of a certain mode suddenly decreases the aircraft may experience heavy vibrations, putting a lot of stress on the body of the craftm which may ultimately lead to the destruction of the aircraft. When these strong vibrations occur, the aircraft is said to go into flutter. In order to detect flutter before the aircraft is destroyed, a continuous monitoring of the plane during in-flight measurements is necessary. Fast, preferrably recursive techniques can then be used to update a dynamical model describing the structural vibrations. Vibration modes and their dampings can easily be derived from these models. A problem however lies in the fact that together with the identified vibration modes of the plane, all identification procedures that are commonly used today also return some to many modes that have no physical relevance. This results from the fact that in modal analysis, the modelling order is usually chosen much higher that the true system order to reduce the bias on the estimates. It is important to separate these spurious modes from the true ones, a cumbersome procedure which heavily relies on user interaction.

In light of the Flite project, several methods were investigated to automatize the detection of spurious modes. Within SCD we studied the relation between subspace identification and balanced model reduction. It was found that subspace identification methods are fast, reliable, and therefore ideally suited for use in online analysis. Detection of spurious modes proved much harder, as a strong theoretical theory about spurious modes is lacking. Several heuristic techniques were proposed, involving non-balanced model reduction, modal energy analysis and pole/zero cancellations.

Researcher(s): & Ivan Markovsky, Katrien De Cock, Jeroen Boets, Bart Vanluyten